Monday 23 November 2015

Symmetry breakdown

The sky, the moon, galaxies, stars, even everything in universe, the universe itself originate from big bang. The origin of each matter and energy of universe is started from big bang. With advancement of modern physics scientists are started to think about a unique mechanism of happening everything. They found a mechanism that is considering as a major cause of happening most of consequence of universe is called symmetry breakdown.
Symmetry breakdown is a mechanism of breaking a symmetric structure into another structure. In generally it is a transition of simpler state of matter into more complex state of matter or energies. Symmetry breakdown is happening in all species of the universe through the time traveling from one era to another era. Physicists of modern physics claims symmetry breaking for all evolution of universe . It may be happen into matter or within energies, even in biological evolution. In generally, symmetry breakdown changes the state into more complex state from the previous state. The dimension of water is easy to describe, but a snowflake is more complex to describe.  To describing a drop of water there need less information, but to describe a snowflak there need more information. What happened in case of converting water into snowflake? There happens a symmetry breaking. Physicists and cosmologists believe that the entire universe is expanded from a dense and hot state of matter and energy through a symmetry breakdown process. This is simply thought that symmetry breakdown makes new state that is more complex. The earlier universe was perfectly symmetric than that of existing universe. Once from a hot and dense state of universe started symmetry breakdown and continuing this breakdown with the traveling of time from one era to another era and the symmetry breakdown will also remain its continuty. When a perfect symmetric universe start to cooling from it's hot and dense state the the symmetry breakdown had started.  This phenomenon may compare with an analogy. A drop of water is symmetrical and hot state than the ice. Water when cooled than it convert into ice that is more complex state.  To better understand about symmetry breakdown it is very important to little understanding about symmetry.
 Symmetry is defined as a physical system that does not undergo any change after any tranaformation of its state of position. The transformation may be continuous or descrete. Everywhere we may find few examples of symmetry. Human beings are an example of symmetry in biological sense. In visually, left part and right part of our body is an example of symmetry. A butterfly is also a symmetric animal. But in physics the conception of symmetry shows us more complex terms and these symmetric nature.

Speed of light in different reference framework have same value. With position change the value does not changes. In view of physics, speed of light is symmetrical and that is termed as poincare group. Poincare group is a symmetry group of special relativity. Another important examples of symmetry is space time symmetry, circular disk of sun, repeated musical rhythm.

Flowers wings are distributed symmetrically.
 Symmetry of universe

 

 The whole universe is thought as spherically symmetrical. An observation of spinning of elementary particle "fermion" gives scientists an opportunity to think about the symmetric structure of universe. All of the elementary particles have spinning property. Fermion is spin 1/2 particle. There need 720 degree of rotation to return back its starting point from where it was started to rotate. But all other elementary particles need 360 degree of rotation to reach at the staring point. But scientists does not stoped. Scientists started to makes a correlation of universe with the fermions behaviour. In terms of cosmological study turning of 720 degree of rotation of universe pictures an identical copies of universe. The entire universe looks like spherically symmetrical. A few scientists believes in spherically symmetrical universe in view of multiple universe conception introducing simplicity.
 Symmetry breakdown in particle physics Symmetry breakdown in particle physics is very important. Because forming of super symmetry is based on the conception of symmetry breakdown. It is thought that once every particles and forces in universe were identical. Due to symmetry breakdown we found different matters and particles as well as different forces.

 From above discussion we can say that the four forces in universe created from an unique state after a successful transformation of symmetry breakdown. Different masses from leptons, fragmentation of electroweak force into electromagnetism and weak force, these are nothing but a result of symmetry breakdown.
Symmetry breakdown vs symmetry build up Due to our universal life properties, when we see something getting into destruction, with our conscious and unconscious mind we think about the opposite term "build up". A one symmetry breakdown may lead to build up other symmetry. This flow is symmetry starts from simpler symmetric form to complex symmetric form. In most of the physics law shows us symmetry journey to simpler to complex. But we can not completely ignore traveling of symmetry complex form to simpler form. Because a few scientists believes in  collapsing of universe. If collapsing happens really in future, it is possible to follow these path in what path expansion was happend. It should be consider with an example our our daily life habitual activity as an analogy. It is only analogical and philosophical. In which way you go to market from home, in habitually you usually return back to home in that. Although, there have different path of returning back.

Attractive force

The force acting among the objects that tends to closer together is attractive force. The opposite concept of attractive force is repulsive ...