Monday 23 November 2015

Dark matter

The universe is composed of matter and energy. According to mass energy transformations equation by Albert Einstein, matter and energy can put into an unique platform that both of two phenomenon are a transformed form of each other.

In visual sense all of the matter of the universe is defined as the macro form of atom, even particle. Matter is a condensed form of energy.

In modern physics, physicists and cosmologists started to think about a new format of matter that is called dark matter. Dark matter is till now considered as an invisible hypothetical matter that have a potential difference from visual matter in some parameter. By the observation on gravitational effect on visible matter, on radiation and on the large scale structure of universe the conception about dark matter is found in favour of its existence and properties.

Properties of dark matter


 The property of dark matter is somewhat different from the visible matter. Dark matter can not absorb and emit light or electromagnetic radiation.

History of dark matter in that case dark matter shows a logical relationship with Black body as well as Black hole. In terms of Black hole conception, Black hole is a region In universe from where nothing can escape even electromagnetic radiation.

For better understanding of properties of dark matter just think about a phenomenon of optical physics concerned with colour.

Beautiful rainbow which is more clearly visible In sky after rain somewhat explains the properties of electromagnetic radiation of sunlight. Rainbow is nothing but only a dispersion of different wavelength of colour

At first Dark matter is postulated by Jan Oort in 1932. In 1933, Fritz Zwicky uses viral theorem in order to infer the matter these are invisible or till now never seen. This unseen matter was refereed as dunkle materie.

Galaxy rotation curve and dark matter


In 1939, scientist Horace W. Bablock discovered galaxy rotation curve. In 1960 to 1970 Vera Rubin and Kent Ford uses galaxy rotation curve in order to postulate dark matter.


Baryonic dark matter and non baryonic dark matter


Scientists have found from their long term research that  majority of dark matter  is made of non baryonic dark matter. The probable measure of baryonic dark matter is found from big bang neucleosynthesis. measurement of baryonic matter is about from 1 to 5 percent of critical density of entire universe. But this is also contrasted by other views. Some believes that the total matter of universe is about 30 percent of critical density.

Baryonic dark matter


Baryonic dark matter and non baryonic can be differ  with a few parameters. Baryonic dark matter can not detect by its edited radiation.

The composition of baryonic dark matter shows that it campused with baryons, neurons and protons.

In our universe, the total amount of dark matter if classified into two parts, baryonic and non baryonic, the most common examples of baryonic dark matter is non luminous gas, massive astrophysical halo objects,  Black holes, white drawfs, brown drawfs, briefing stars, planets, etc.

Non Baryonic dark matter


Axions, super symmetric particles are hypothetical particles. These are non baryonic dark matter. Though, baryonic dark matter is believes to form the elements of primitive universe during Big bang, non baryonic dark matter have No any role in this case.

In generally, available non baryonic dark matter is cold dark matter, warm dark matter and hot dark matter in believes of cosmologists.
Most of the hypothesis on non baryonic dark matter is based on cold dark matter hypothesis. Neutrinos are the examples of hot non baryonic dark matter. But neutrino can only form a small fraction of dark matter.


Physical evidence of dark matter

Globular cluster shows that they contain dark matter. From the velocity profile of stars, scientists found concentration of dark matter.

Motion of galaxies study provides most of the physical evidence of dark matter.

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