Saturday 24 September 2016

Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA is one kind of new DNA that is formed by a Biotechnological process by inserting a piece of DNA part from one DNA into another DNA. Where DNA forms naturally there Recombinant DNA forms artificially. It is an artificial application of Genetic Enginering.

Recombinant DNA is also called rDNA. Another name of rDNA is mythecal chimera. In rDNA the sequence of gene is palindromic.

Once sc ientist realised that it is possible to form new structured DNA with a combination of two or more DNA strands. Because, in all DNA have same chemical elements, but different in their sequence and arrangement.

How a recombinant DNA is produces?

There need a host cell to form rDNA. In most case, in laboratory VIVO DNA replication process is allowed to form rDNA.

Cloning vector is a specific DNA strand that is allowed to repklicate in a host living cell. The two strand of DNA may be in different type. Human DNA strand can be replicate with the fungal DNA strand. Any fungal DNA strand may be replicate into bacterial DNA strand.

Steps of producing recombinant DNA

There exactly follows the following stepks for recombinant DNA technology

Selecting a host living cell and cloning vector, preparation of vector DNA, The DNA that will be cloned is prepared, Preparation of rDNA, Hosting of prepared rDNA, Selecting an appropriate organism containing rDNA






Thursday 22 September 2016

Supernovae



Supernovae is an explosion of star. The star that massive 10 or 100 more time massive than sun can go into end as Supernovae. Its a condition of the exploding star with increasing of the luminosity of star millions of time higher than the normal.

Supernova comes from the Latin word "Nova" that means New star.

Scientists found there have two types of supernova. Type one supernova and type two supernova. The basic difference of type one and type two supernova is in these spectra. Where type one supernova do not have any hydrogen line in its spectra there type two supernova have.
A supernova can happen in different way. Sometimes scientists classifies supernova on the basis of happening mechanism of supernova.

When a white dwarf star starts to fuse of carbon and oxygen in its entire body detonation mechanism of supernovae happens.

Another types of supernovae is caused by merging of two neutron stars or merging of massive black hole and neutron stars. The cause of happening of supernova during merging is that loss of orbital energy due to gravitational wave radiation that results as producing of GRB with fireball and afterglow.

Attractive force

The force acting among the objects that tends to closer together is attractive force. The opposite concept of attractive force is repulsive ...