Microorganisms

Microorganisms in microbiology indicates the living organ unicellular,  or multi cellular, even particles like virus.

The members of microorganism includes, 

Bacteria : examples,  clostridium titani

Virus: HPV,  Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Fungus: Candida Albicans that causes oral candidiasis

Protozoa

Antibody

Antibody is a protein in animals body to fight against specific types of antigen. Antigen is foreign living pathogen that usually harms body.  

Antibody made inside the body kills foreign particles. Foreign particles should be bacteria, virus or fungus.

Antibody is the active part of our immune system. It is also indicator of immunity. Who gained antibody against specific disease he gained immunity against specific disease.

Bacteria

 Bacteria is a living microorganism that is unicellular and consist with nucleus protoplasm surrounded it. 

The basic difference of bacteria and virus is that it is independently alive. But virus is alive when it hosted by living organism. Otherwise it is particle.

According to gram staining experiment bacteria is gram positive and gram negative. 

According to survival capabilities in presence of Oxygen bacteria classified into aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. 

According to infection capabilities bacteria are classified into pathogenic bacteria and non pathogenic bacteria.

DNA

Centrifugal force

Centrifugal force Centrifugal force is a ficttious force in Newtonian classical mechanics. In every rotating frame of reference. In rotating device like centrifugal pump, centrifuge, centrifugal clutches, centrifugal force is applied. Earth is a rotating frame of reference but it's fictitious force is small due to slow rotation. In any point of earth surface the strength and local gravity is the combination of centrifugal force and gravitational force. An object weighted on a spring have two force. In downward direction we find gravitational force and in upward direction we find restoring force of spring. Rotating force motion results another fictitious force that is called Coriolis force. Rate of rotation in a frame of reference if changes another fictitious force is required that is called Eular force.

Centripetal force

Within nucleus electron revolves surrounding nucleus is not collapse even, not go far from nucleus. It is nothing but a result of electrostatic force. electrostatic force is a combination of two forces opposite direction. These are centripetal force electron direction toward centre and centrifugal force which is directed opposite of centre. According to Rutherford atomic model, both forces are equal and opposite direction within an electron. Centripetal force Directed toward the centre of atom. Any forces directed toward centre is centripetal force. Centripetal force are always found in circularmotion. When any object moves circularly the centripetal force act towards centre of the circular path along with radius of the circle. The force is always orthogonal and fixed to the centre of the curvature. Gravity is a best example of centripetal force. Issac Newton says that it always drawn object. In Newtonian classical mechanics, Centripetal force causes due to orbits of astronomical objects.

Gene transcription

Gene transcription is a process of producing RNA from DNA. DNA polymerase enzyme used to breakdown of DNA into two single helix RNA. Special types of DNA binding protein is required That is called transcription factor.