Any molecule have covalent bond may have the atom of the molecule are partially positively charged and partiality negatively charged. If two atoms in the molecule with charge is q separated by the bond length l, the dipole moment of the molecule will be the charge and the bond lengths product value. Mathematically dipole moment can express as follow,
Dipole moment = charge × bond length
The molecule having dipole moment will attain two partially changes. One is magnitude of positive charge and another is magnitude of negative charge.
Representation of dipole moment is suggested by Sidgwick. He suggest dipole moment to express as arrow with crossed tail.
Causes of Dipole moment
The dipole moment in a molecule caused for the difference of the electronegativity between the atoms.
Applications of dipole moment
The application of the dipole moment is explains bellow,
1. Dipole moment explains the behaviour of the solution and gas.
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2. Dipole moment have a relationship with
the solubility of the molecule. Dipole moment can determine the solubility of the molecules.
The molecule with higher dipole moment dissolve in polar solvent.
3. Dipole moment can determine the orientation of the organic molecule. It can determine the symmetry and assymetry of the molecule. For example, the para isomer of dichlorobenzene is symmetric because it have no dipole moment. But on the other hand the Ortho and meta isomer have dipole moment, hence these are assymetric.
