Chaos theory and catastrophe theory

Chaos theory in mathematics is associated with nonlinear dynamics that describes objects that looks random but exactly not and usually follows determination to describe.

On the other hand Catastrophe theory is an way of abruptly change of continuous function, which we may termed as discontinuity.

Some example may be introduced,

Nature of arrythmia is an application of chaos theory.

Diffusion

Diffusion is a process of diffusing elements from high density to low density. Let consider, Two medium separated by an imaginary membrane. Low density media or high density media, whatever, will show a tendency to reach in an equilibrium condition where there will not exist any density difference. Hence, constituents from high density will diffused to low density in order to equalise the density. The diffusion process will continue until the density of two medium reach in equilibrium. Examples of diffusion process In our real life we may familiar with different tykes of diffusion process. Scent spreading its smell entire the room. How it is happening. How smog is occupying the room? Each of the phenomenon is an example of Diffusion. Plant releases Oxygen by leaf. Scientists says that the releasing of Oxygen happens by Diffusion process. Density of Oxygen inside leaf is more higher then the environment. For this reason a diffusion process happens to equalise the density. Hence, releasing of Oxygen happen. On the other hand plant leaf absorbs carbon di oxide. Let us think, How carbon di oxide absorbs by diffusion process. The storage carbon di oxide in leaf reduces by photosynthesis. To produce energy plants uses carbon di oxide. For this cause, once a time the density of carbon di oxide in leaf become lower than the density of carbon di oxide in environment. Hence, diffusion process causes.

Earthquake

Earthquake is the shaking of the surface of earth, that results to produces seismic wave. There have a certain cause of happening of earthquake.

Basically, due to releasing of energy from earth causes earth quake. Due to releasing of energy in huge amount appears in certain phenomenon. Such as seismic wave. Seismic wave may be the transformed form of energy.

Seismic wave is a form of energy that propagates along with soil and rock. This wave propagates in such way that the ocean wave propagates.

Earthquake is also known as tremor of the earth.

Two most common scale of measuring of earthquake is seismometer and Rickert scale. Both two scale is similar in function. Both are used to measuring the magnitude of earthquake.
 Scientists have discovered the few probable cause of earthquake

When two heavy rock inside the earth undergo in friction or hit each other from the opposite side then an energy release that causes seismic wave.

Another different cause may have to cause earthquake, Volcanic eruption, and other cosmological cause may involved in earthquake.

Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA is one kind of new DNA that is formed by a Biotechnological process by inserting a piece of DNA part from one DNA into another DNA. Where DNA forms naturally there Recombinant DNA forms artificially. It is an artificial application of Genetic Enginering.

Recombinant DNA is also called rDNA. Another name of rDNA is mythecal chimera. In rDNA the sequence of gene is palindromic.

Once sc ientist realised that it is possible to form new structured DNA with a combination of two or more DNA strands. Because, in all DNA have same chemical elements, but different in their sequence and arrangement.

How a recombinant DNA is produces?

There need a host cell to form rDNA. In most case, in laboratory VIVO DNA replication process is allowed to form rDNA.

Cloning vector is a specific DNA strand that is allowed to repklicate in a host living cell. The two strand of DNA may be in different type. Human DNA strand can be replicate with the fungal DNA strand. Any fungal DNA strand may be replicate into bacterial DNA strand.

Steps of producing recombinant DNA

There exactly follows the following stepks for recombinant DNA technology

Selecting a host living cell and cloning vector, preparation of vector DNA, The DNA that will be cloned is prepared, Preparation of rDNA, Hosting of prepared rDNA, Selecting an appropriate organism containing rDNA

Supernovae

Supernovae is an explosion of star. The star that massive 10 or 100 more time massive than sun can go into end as Supernovae. Its a condition of the exploding star with increasing of the luminosity of star millions of time higher than the normal.

Supernova comes from the Latin word "Nova" that means New star.

Scientists found there have two types of supernova. Type one supernova and type two supernova. The basic difference of type one and type two supernova is in these spectra. Where type one supernova do not have any hydrogen line in its spectra there type two supernova have.
A supernova can happen in different way. Sometimes scientists classifies supernova on the basis of happening mechanism of supernova.

When a white dwarf star starts to fuse of carbon and oxygen in its entire body detonation mechanism of supernovae happens.

Another types of supernovae is caused by merging of two neutron stars or merging of massive black hole and neutron stars. The cause of happening of supernova during merging is that loss of orbital energy due to gravitational wave radiation that results as producing of GRB with fireball and afterglow.

Gravitational wave

Gravity wave
National Science Foundation, NSF and their announcement of detection of Gravitational wave by their Laser Interferometer Gravitational Observatory, LIGO can make a rapid advancement of physics research and discoveries of another mysterious of the universe. NSF already announced that they have able to detect gravitational wave. This announcement of detection of gravitational wave have been made a powerful insight into Einsteins general theory of relativity. Because, the existence of gravitational wave in universe was predicted century years ago by Albert Einstein by his general theory of relativity. In general theory of relativity, Albert Einstein predicts gravitational wave as the ripples of space time. According to general theory of relativity Gravitational wave is a ripples of space time curvature and it propagates as wave. General theory also predicts about the transport and propagation style of gravitational wave. general theory of relativity predicts the transportation of gravitational wave as gravitational radiation. In terms of gravitational wave general theory of relativity and Newtonian theory of gravitation is somewhat difference in some extant. Gravitational wave is absent in Newtonian gravitation theory.

Music and dance

Function is an mathematical term that indicates the relationship of one variable with another variable. You may find different phenomenon that is correlated with each other. The households income is correlated with how costly  food they will consume. Eating fast food may be related with the income level of the individual people. But how much calories per day he required is not correlated with the income level.

Your high income may lead you to buy and high priced shoe. But it will not lead you to by an Big sizes shoe. That means the size of your show is not correlated with your income level. Your income level may lead you to buy good food. Price of food is correlated with income level, but it never correlated with the amount of required calories. The required calories may depends on your weight and height. To surviving with Big sizes body there need more calories. It is the natural Law of biology.

Music and dance correlation

Music and dance is correlated with each other. It exactly depends on the wavelength of the sound. The more rhythm of sound have more impact on body movement.  This relationship is biological, chemical and psychological. Scientists have found music have a role In secretion of dopamine. Specially, music releases endorphin which is dopamine class neurochemicals that is responsible for pleasure and pain. This is also note that endorphin also an active chemicals of most of the addictive substance. For this cause most of the physiologists called music as a mild class of addiction. How much of endorphin will secrets that is somewhat dependable with  with the pattern of music.

The frequencies of endorphin secretion into body determines how the body will move with respects to musical rhythm.  The rhythm of body that we may termed as dance have a significant correlation with musical rhythm.

Not each music can produce dance similarly to each people. Even not every class of people will get same pleasure with response to same song and music. You may see with wonder that a specific kinds of music is stimulating diverse age range of people in diverse way. The song which is delighting very aggressively to the young is failed to delighting to the elder people. Again the types of song and music how wonder delighting to elder people are not creating same influence to the younger people.

Some of the case this kinds of variation of delighting and enjoyment is differ in gender to gender. Female audience are prone to a specific types of sound wavelength that may not similar popular to the male audience. So a good musician should have to take a consideration of this variability of fans of music age to age and gender to gender. Otherwise the production of music may go to dust. A good musician obviously a good sales people, because he knows better how wavelength of tune should produce in order to satisfying the diverse culture of audience.

Just think why elder people likes specific types of music? It can be explain with physiology and medical term. In most of the case the song and music that is very popular to elder people can not produce dance or body movement of audience.